Bowel cancer survival rates could be improved if chemotherapy drugs were delivered via tiny nanoparticles to the diseased organs rather than oral treatment.

The researchers have shown in animal experiments that nanoparticles containing the chemotherapy drug Capecitabine (CAP) attach themselves directly to the diseased cells, bypassing healthy cells and therefore reducing toxic side effects as well as the size and number of tumors.

The scientists, from the Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Indian Institute of Science and the University of South Australia, have published their findings in the journal Carbohydrate Polymers.

UniSA Professor of Pharmaceutical Science, Sanjay Garg—the sole Australian researcher involved in the project—says that CAP (otherwise known as Xeloda) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for bowel cancer. He co-supervised the Ph.D. scholar Reema Narayan, with Prof Usha Nayak from Manipal, India.

“Due to its short life, a high dose is necessary to maintain effective concentration, resulting in some harsh side effects when delivered conventionally, including severe hand and foot pain, dermatitis, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and loss of taste,” Prof Garg says.

The side effects are exacerbated because the drug affects both healthy and diseased cells.

“A viable alternative to conventional therapy is targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles as smart carriers so that the drug can be delivered specifically to the tumor. This allows a smaller and less toxic dose,” he says.

CAP delivered via nanoparticles reduces both the size and number of cancerous bowel tumors, results in fewer abnormal cells, improved red and white blood cell counts and less damage to other organs.

Image Credit:    University of South Australia

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Thanks to Heinz V. Hoenen.  Follow him on twitter: @HeinzVHoenen