Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit the potential to act as signal carriers during the development of malignant tumors. At a suitable concentration, ROS tends to mediate cell growth and signal transduction.
But ROS are known to be a double-edged sword. On becoming surplus, ROS could oxidize proteins, cause damage to the DNA structure and cause cell apoptosis. Furthermore, ROS can induce inflammation at the tumor site, which additionally enhances tumor immunogenicity.
Thus, raising the content of ROS in tumor sites has turned out to be an efficient technique for cancer therapy. Currently, the methods to produce ROS via external stimulations, like radiation sensitization, sonodynamic reaction and photodynamic reaction, are heavily restricted by the laser’s penetration depth, irradiation range of external excitation and safety-related issues of the radiation.
As a result of such issues, chemodynamic therapy has advanced, garnering extensive attention. Chemodynamic therapy makes use of surplus H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment without the need for external energy stimulation to produce ROS via the Fenton reaction.
But the existing therapeutic effect of chemodynamic therapy is considered to be unsatisfactory. This is because the initiation of an efficient Fenton reaction needs surplus H2O2 and rough acidic conditions. Besides exogenous ROS production approaches, increasing the generation of endogenous ROS to curb tumor growth is another potential technique.
Hindering the mitochondrial electron transport chain could improve the generation of ROS. But treating cancer only through increasing endogenous ROS is unsatisfactory, as it is hard to efficiently impede tumor growth with a limited amount of generated endogenous ROS.
Thus, in the field of cancer therapy, it is hard to create approaches for the selective generation of sufficient ROS in the absence of external energy stimulation under mild in vivo conditions.
In the latest research article reported in the Beijing-based National Science Review, researchers from the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, designed a cascade-responsive ROS generation device with a domino effect and in the absence of external stimulation for the particular generation of numerous severe ROS storms at the tumor site.
The co-authors of the study Yang Liu, Yinghui Wang, Shuyan Song, and Hongjie Zhang have discovered that the simple introduction of the synthesized ZnO2@Ce6/CaP@CPPO/BSA nanobomb into the tumor would induce a “domino effect.”
This in turn could activate the production of several ROS storms and Ca2+ overload, as well as efficiently activate the systemic immune response while hindering the growth of primary tumors. Furthermore, tumor metastasis can be efficiently avoided by adjuvant treatment with anti-CTLA4 checkpoint blockers.
This study received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
News
Scientists study lipids cell by cell, making new cancer research possible
Imagine being able to look inside a single cancer cell and see how it communicates with its neighbors. Scientists are celebrating a new technique that lets them study the fatty contents of cancer cells, [...]
Antibiotic Breakthrough: Revolutionary Chinese Study Paves Way for Superbug Defeating Drugs
New research reveals that fluorous lipopetides act as highly effective antibiotics. Bacterial infections resistant to multiple drugs, which no existing antibiotics can treat, represent a significant worldwide challenge. A research group from China has [...]
Signs of Multiple Sclerosis Show Up in Blood Years Before Symptoms Appear
UCSF scientists clear a potential path toward earlier treatment for a disease that affects nearly 1,000,000 people in the United States. By Levi Gadye In a discovery that could hasten treatment for patients with multiple [...]
Advanced RNA Sequencing Reveals the Drivers of New COVID Variants
A study reveals that a new sequencing technique, tARC-seq, can accurately track mutations in SARS-CoV-2, providing insights into the rapid evolution and variant development of the virus. The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID has the unsettling [...]
No More Endless Boosters? Scientists Develop One-for-All Virus Vaccine
End of the line for endless boosters? Researchers at UC Riverside have developed a new vaccine approach using RNA that is effective against any strain of a virus and can be used safely even by babies or the immunocompromised. Every [...]
How Are Hydrogels Shaping the Future of Biomedicine?
Hydrogels have gained widespread recognition and utilization in biomedical engineering, with their applications dating back to the 1960s when they were first used in contact lens production. Hydrogels are distinguished from other biomaterials in [...]
Nanovials method for immune cell screening uncovers receptors that target prostate cancer
A recent UCLA study demonstrates a new process for screening T cells, part of the body's natural defenses, for characteristics vital to the success of cell-based treatments. The method filters T cells based on [...]
New Research Reveals That Your Sense of Smell May Be Smarter Than You Think
A new study published in the Journal of Neuroscience indicates that the sense of smell is significantly influenced by cues from other senses, whereas the senses of sight and hearing are much less affected. A popular [...]
Deadly bacteria show thirst for human blood: the phenomenon of bacterial vampirism
Some of the world's deadliest bacteria seek out and feed on human blood, a newly-discovered phenomenon researchers are calling "bacterial vampirism." A team led by Washington State University researchers has found the bacteria are [...]
Organ Architects: The Remarkable Cells Shaping Our Development
Finding your way through the winding streets of certain cities can be a real challenge without a map. To orient ourselves, we rely on a variety of information, including digital maps on our phones, [...]
Novel hydrogel removes microplastics from water
Microplastics pose a great threat to human health. These tiny plastic debris can enter our bodies through the water we drink and increase the risk of illnesses. They are also an environmental hazard; found [...]
Researchers Discover New Origin of Deep Brain Waves
Understanding hippocampal activity could improve sleep and cognition therapies. Researchers from the University of California, Irvine’s biomedical engineering department have discovered a new origin for two essential brain waves—slow waves and sleep spindles—that are critical for [...]
The Lifelong Cost of Surviving COVID: Scientists Uncover Long-Term Effects
Many of the individuals released to long-term acute care facilities suffered from conditions that lasted for over a year. Researchers at UC San Francisco studied COVID-19 patients in the United States who survived some of the longest and [...]
Previously Unknown Rogue Immune Key to Chronic Viral Infections Discovered
Scientists discovered a previously unidentified rogue immune cell linked to poor antibody responses in chronic viral infections. Australian researchers have discovered a previously unknown rogue immune cell that can cause poor antibody responses in [...]
Nature’s Betrayal: Unmasking Lead Lurking in Herbal Medicine
A case of lead poisoning due to Ayurvedic medicine use demonstrates the importance of patient history in diagnosis and the need for public health collaboration to prevent similar risks. An article in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association [...]
Frozen in Time: How a DNA Anomaly Misled Scientists for Centuries
An enormous meteor spelled doom for most dinosaurs 65 million years ago. But not all. In the aftermath of the extinction event, birds — technically dinosaurs themselves — flourished. Scientists have spent centuries trying [...]